滨海盐渍土防护林树种选择的研究

对北方沿海泥质海岸不同类型盐碱地进行造林树种选择试验，并以NaCI溶液处理结合沙培盆栽，测定树木生长指标及生理生化指标。通过综合判定，筛选出柽柳、沙枣、小胡23杨、绒毛白蜡、刺槐、群众杨、抗虫榆、白城杨、中林46号杨、辽宁杨等适合重、中、轻及苏打盐渍土类型的盐碱地造林树种。     

太行山区浆水镇土地资源优化配置研究

山区土地资源优化配置的主体核心是确定各种农作物、林果、牧草资源的占地比例及规模。装水镇土地资源优化配置利用方向,在于建设发展以板栗、苹果为主的林果生产基地,畜牧养殖业在于发展以消耗饲草为主的大牲畜(主要是牛)和山羊,另外,种植在5级地上的粮食作物,应以旱作为主。     

湖南省退耕还林工程成效分析

自2000年退耕还林工程在湖南省实施以来,取得了有目共睹的成绩,被农民誉为“民心工程”和“德政工程”。通过分析退耕还林工程在湖南取得的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益,提出了保障“三大效益”的政策措施。     

四川省天然林保护和退耕还林工程若干问题的思考

四川省实施退耕还林和天然林保护工程以来，已取得了初步成效。文章简述了四川省天然林资源保护工程和退耕还林工程实施以来出现的新条件，总结了两大工程实施过程中的困难和问题，指出了解决问题的主要途径。     

Towards a Pan‐European Assessment of Land Susceptibility to Wind Erosion

Understanding spatial and temporal patterns in land susceptibility to wind erosion is essential to design effective management strategies to control land degradation. The knowledge about the land surface susceptible to wind erosion in European contexts shows significant gaps. The lack of researches, particularly at the landscape to regional scales, prevents national and European institutions from taking actions aimed at an effective mitigating of land degradation. This study provides a preliminary pan‐European assessment that delineates the spatial patterns of land susceptibility to wind erosion and lays the groundwork for future modelling activities. An Index of Land Susceptibility to Wind Erosion (ILSWE) was created by combining spatiotemporal variations of the most influential wind erosion factors (i.e. climatic erosivity, soil erodibility, vegetation cover and landscape roughness). The sensitivity of each input factor was ranked according to fuzzy logic techniques. State‐of‐the‐art findings within the literature on soil erodibility and land susceptibility were used to evaluate the outcomes of the proposed modelling activity. Results show that the approach is suitable for integrating wind erosion information and environmental factors. Within the 34 European countries under investigation, moderate and high levels of land susceptibility to wind erosion were predicted, ranging from 25·8 to 13·0 M ha, respectively (corresponding to 5·3 and 2·9% of total area). New insights into the geography of wind erosion susceptibility in Europe were obtained and provide a solid basis for further investigations into the spatial variability and susceptibility of land to wind erosion across Europe. © 2014 The Authors. Land Degradation and Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Using Static and Dynamic Indicators to Evaluate Soil Physical Quality in a Sicilian Area

Both capacitive indicators derived from the water retention curve and dynamic measurements of the flow‐weighted mean pore radius, R₀, were used to assess the soil physical quality of two agricultural areas (cropland and olive orchard) and two natural areas (grassland and managed woodlot plantation) potentially subject to soil degradation. The overall idea of the study was to investigate whether a dynamic indicator quantitatively derived from hydraulic conductivity measurements could be used to supplement the traditionally applied capacitive indicators retrieved from water retention measurements. According to the available criteria, only the surface layer of the cropland site showed optimal soil physical quality. In the grassland and woodlot sites, the physical quality was deteriorated also as a consequence of compaction because of grazing. Overall, the physical quality was better in tilled than nontilled soils. The optimal soil in terms of capacitive indicators had hydraulic conductivity close to saturation that was intermediate among the different land uses, and it remained 1·3–1·9 times higher than that observed in the natural sites even when the largest pores emptied. A depth effect on R₀ was observed only when larger macropores were activated. It was suggested that water transmission parameters are more affected by changes in large pore domain. The plant available water content and Dexter's S‐index showed inverse statistically significant regressions with R₀. The empirical relationships were physically convincing given that, at increasing R₀, the contribution of macropores increases, water is transmitted faster below the root zone and the soil's ability to store water is reduced. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

湿地保护与管理之我见

本文对湿地保护与管理存在的问题进行了阐述 ,提出了科学合理的保护与管理建议 ,对今后湿地规划与开发具有重要意义。     

嫩江沙地不同土壤质地类型起沙风速的研究

文章研究将沙粒在风速达到沙粒的起动风速时沙粒的瞬间起动方式分为4种,即:滚动、跳跃、悬浮和飞扬4种。在嫩江沙地的3种典型土壤(沙质黏壤土、沙质壤土、风沙土)质地类型区域分别观测记录了沙粒在出现这4种情况时的瞬时风速值大小。经分析得出,在沙质黏壤土、沙质壤土和风沙土等3种土壤类型区域,若能将风速分别控制在6.3、6.4和7.2 m.s-1,即可有效防止风沙流的产生。     

半干旱退化山区不同土地利用方式土壤物理性质的特征分析

通过对宁夏南部半干旱退化山区不同土地利用方式土壤物理性质的定位监测,结果表明:半干旱退化山区采取不同土地利用方式,改善了土壤结构和肥力,增加了土壤的通透性,改变了土壤水肥气热状况。但不同措施对土壤理化性质的改善具有一定的差异性,"88542"水平沟整地(林地)对土壤的改良效果最好。     

秭归县退耕还林水源涵养效益计量

林地是森林水源涵养效益的主体,通过对秭归县10种退耕还林模式的土壤物理性状和林地水源涵养效益的研究,结果表明:(1)退耕还林后土壤总孔隙度增加4·3%~20·2%,除柏木林外,非毛管孔隙度增加6·8%~494·2%;(2)退耕还林后土壤饱和蓄水量增加5·7%~118·8%,非毛管蓄水量为坡耕地的2·58~19·13倍;(3)秭归县退耕还林森林土壤的蓄水量为171·6万m3/a,是相似立地条件下农耕地的3·21倍。